Half-life vs duration

People often use “half-life” as shorthand for “how long a drug lasts.” They are not the same concept. Half-life is a pharmacokinetic measurement about how quickly a concentration decreases. Duration is a subjective and pharmacodynamic outcome.

Why effects can end before elimination

  • Concentration thresholds: effects can fade once concentration falls below a personal threshold even though the substance is still present.
  • Tolerance and adaptation: the same concentration can produce different effects over time or across individuals.
  • Route and absorption: fast absorption can create a high peak and a shorter-feeling experience even if elimination is slow.

Why effects can outlast the parent compound

  • Active metabolites: some substances are converted into other compounds that have their own kinetics and effects.
  • Downstream biology: some effects involve signaling cascades that continue after concentration drops.
  • Sleep and circadian factors: perception of duration can be shaped by when the experience happens.

How HalfLifeDB uses half-life

HalfLifeDB uses one half-life number to illustrate exponential decay. It is best used to compare “short” vs “long” half-lives and to understand why repeated dosing can cause overlap.

HalfLifeDB does not estimate impairment, safety, or subjective experience. See the disclaimer for limitations.

Next: steady state and accumulation.