Sources

Each substance page includes a small list of source links. These links are provided so you can verify information and explore the underlying literature.

What we link to

• Primary research: peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic studies (e.g., concentration-time curves, half-life estimates, metabolites).
• Reviews and textbooks: clinical summaries that describe typical ranges and important caveats.
• Official labeling: prescribing information and regulatory documents when available.

Why some links are search pages

For some entries, we link to reputable database searches (for example PubMed or NCBI’s article archive). This is used when a single universally accepted reference is not available or when multiple study designs report different values. Search links still let you find primary sources directly.

How to interpret half-life values

Half-life values depend on study conditions such as dose, route, sampling window, analytic method, and the population studied. For many substances, different studies report different estimates. HalfLifeDB uses a single value to illustrate a simplified model.

See the editorial policy and disclaimer for more context.